Business Law for Torres Strait Islander Studies -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Torres Strait Islander Studies. Answer: Discussion of the Mabo vs Queensland case(No 2) In the notable Mabo vs Queensland case the High court of Australia passed the landmark judgment recognizing the native title in Australia. In this case the High Court of Australia held that the doctrine of terra nullius should not be applicable to situations which involve inhabitants even if such inhabitants were uncivilized (Moreton-Robinson 2015). The doctrine of terra nullius is a Latin term which means nobodys land. This principle of terra Nullius is used in the context of international law to describe any territory that may be acquired by the state. In Australia the English laws are imported in accordance with the aforementioned doctrine. It was further held by the court of Australia in relation to the Mabo vs Queensland case that the English laws will not be applied n circumstances where it is established that and was uninhabited or barren. The judgment of this landmark case gave effect to the customary laws which had been present at the time of settlement and had survived the reception of the English Law (Grace, 2015). Such customary laws included the indigenous land title and subsequent land rights to lands which had been extinguished by the Crown. In this caseEddie Mabo, David Passi and James Rice on behalf of all Mariam people had started proceedings in the Australian High Court in response to the Queensland Amendment Act 1982. The aforementioned act brought in action a system of making land grant on trust for all the indigenous inhabitants of the Torres strait and Aboriginals. However, the Mer Islanders refused accept such land grant. The plaintiffs Eddie Koiki Mabo, Reverend David Passi, Celuia Mapoo Salee, Sam Passi and James Rice claimed native title to the Murray Islands. The chief justice Sir Harry Gibbsreferred to the case for hearing in the Supreme Court on 27th February 1986 for the purpose of determining the facts of the case. The Supreme court judge who head the case was Justice Moynihan. This case was withheld when Eddie Mabo and the people of Meriam islands brought to the high court of Australia a second case challenging the constitutional validity of the Queensland Coast Islands Declaratory Act 1985. This second case which was brought to the High Court by Mabo and the people of Mer islands popularly came to be known as the case Mabo v. Queensland (No. 2). The judgment in the second case as passed by the High Court inserted in the Australian law the legal doctrine of native title (Davies, 2017). The High Court while giving the verdict recognized the that indigenous people of Australia had inhabited the lands of Australia for thousands of years and had enjoyed the rights of the land by their own customs and laws. However, they had been dispossessed from their land as colonization took place. The Court held that this disposition of the Australian Aboriginals underwrote the development of Australia as a nation. This case introduced a new doctrine which had replaced the old doctrine of terra nillius. It was also held that British claims of possession of Australian Territory were unjustified as it was based on a wrongful presumption that there was no law which governing the use of lands. The Nat ive Title Act 1993 (Cth) was passed in the following year of the judgment of the aforementioned case (Legislation.gov.au 2018). This act allowed the aboriginal Australians and the Natives of Torres strait islanders to claim rights to their lands and also claim compensation. Legal Effects of Mabo Case in Australian Law It can be stated that The Mabo cases in Australia are landmark cases. The judgment as passed in the cases was perceived as a victory to the indigenous Australians. However, the verdict was not well received by some indigenous people. A long battle had been going on between the indigenous Australians and the government of the commonwealth since the first settlers had settled in Australia and claimed the land by terra nullius even though the land was not uninhabited (Davies 2017). The indigenous Australians had been dispossessed even though they had a devoted relationship with the land and had set up families. In 1992 the following the decision of the Mabo case the High Court of Australia rejected the doctrine of terra nullius and had argued that the aforementioned doctrine had been wrongfully implemented by the colonizers to deprive the indigenous Australians of their right in their land (Kramer 2016). While rejecting the doctrine, the court recognized the native title had existed eve n before the colonizers had settled in the country. The judgment of the case came to be known as the Mabo decision andhas een regarded as a very controversial decision. However the decision raised a lot of controversy as no proper definition of the term native title had earlier existed in Australia (Duff 2017). However the mining and industrial sectors were not pleased with decision as it would require them to spend more money and time in acquiring leases. They feared that their application for leases might also get rejected. However the judgment was well received by the Australian Prime minister and the Aboriginal Australians. The Mabo Decision in the High Court awarded land rights to the Indigenous people. Although initially decision of the case seemed to create benefit for all indigenous Australian, however it did not benefit all indigenous Australians. According to the judgment, the process of claiming the land rights of indigenous Australians involved many requirements which must be fulfilled which seemed to be unfair to some of the indigenous people. Shortfalls of the current legal system with regards to Native Title Native Title issues often require parties claiming native title to prove a connection. It can be said that processing applications for claim of Native title usually takes many years and is a complicated process. The Native Title Act which was passed subsequent to the verdict given in the landmark case Mabo vs Queensland (No.2) to give rights to the indigenous Australians to claim their land. The purpose of the Native title act was to recognize the connection of the Indigenous Australians with their land. However, disputes related to Native Title can take years to be resolved in courts (www.smh.com.au 2018) Thus the critics of this act have asked the government of Australia to amend it. However, the aforementioned Act has created a division between the members of the aboriginal communities. This act has failed to take into consideration the perspective of the Aboriginal Australians. This Act gives effect to the rights of the Aboriginal Australians to claim their land and water. Howeve r in reality the act does not take into consideration within its realm advance aboriginal rights. It is even claimed by some indigenous Australians that the act does not approve indigenous rights and the act is deeply embedded in political institutions. One of the toughest requirements for claiming the rights of indigenous Australians is that claimants are required to prove a continuity of traditional customs and law on the land that is claimed since the time of European settlement (Kramer 2016). Native Title has been perceived as a weak title and in many cases the native title has been extinguished by surrender, action of the government and by previous free holding. Native Title of a land can only be claimed where no legal title of the land exists. Further it can be said that Native Title rights are usually non exclusive which gives the parties claiming such title little opportunity to actually access the land. The ongoing connection between the between the indigenous people and their land is often difficult to prove for the parties. Proving an ongoing connection is especially d ifficult when the native title has been extinguished by the process of urbanization and agricultural development. Further the law of claiming Native title requires a high level of evidence to be exhibited by every group of indigenous Australians regarding their traditional connection with the land which dates back to when sovereignty was asserted to the nation by the crown (Legislation.gov.au 2018). The future of Native Title The government of Australia has already declared that it will bring reforms to the Native Title Act 1993(Cth) in order to ensure that a sustainable and fair system creates social and economic opportunities for indigenous Australians (Legislation.gov.au 2018). In the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) Native Title Conference which took place in Townsville, the future of Native title was discussed which was attended by Attorney-General Nicola Roxon and Minister for Families, Communities and Indigenous Affairs Jenny Macklin. It had been announced by minister Macklin, that a review of the native title organization was to be conducted for ensuring whether the system was benefiting the indigenous communities and people (Indigenous.gov.au 2018). The review would assess the roles and impacts of Native Title Representative Bodies and Native title service providers. The government of Australia had had announced the allocation of fund of 7.8 million dollars for the purpose of supporting the Native title groups. The Australian Law reform commission had conducted a review of the Native Title Act for the purpose of developing recommendations for a aw reform after consultation with the Australian Community. Reference List: Davies, C., 2017. Native title in Queensland twenty-five years post-Mabo.James Cook University Law Review,23, p.103. Duff, N., 2017. Fluid mechanics: the practical use of native title for freshwater outcomes.Fluid Mechanics: The Practical Use of Native Title for Freshwater Outcomes, p.85. Grace, J., 2015. Native title in Australia [Book Review].Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (237), p.44. Indigenous.gov.au. (2018).The Future of Native Title. [online] Available at: https://www.indigenous.gov.au/the-future-of-native-title [Accessed 17 Mar. 2018]. Kramer, J., 2016. (Re) mapping Terra Nullius: Hindmarsh, Wik and Native Title Legislation in Australia.International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de Smiotique juridique,29(1), pp.191-212. Legislation.gov.au. (2018).Native Title Act 1993. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00178 [Accessed 17 Mar. 2018]. Mabo v Queensland (No 2) HCA 23, (1992) 175 CLR 1 Moreton-Robinson, A., 2015.The white possessive: Property, power, and indigenous sovereignty. University of Minnesota Press. Wetherall, C. (2018).The future of Native Title. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/education/the-future-of-native-title-20130902-2t0ns.html [Accessed 17 Mar. 2018].

Contemporary Human Resources Management

Question: Describe about the Contemporary Human Resources Management (Hospitality Management)? Answer: Executive Summary An organization can be best with its employees and the employees can be best from its HR department. It is the duty with the HR to look after its staffs and employees so that they do not falter in their jobs. This assignment takes us to the internal environment of Cosmopolitan hotel where the issues that the hotel is facing is due the negligence of the HR department(Armstrong and Armstrong). We will first see the problems that are in the hotel for many days followed by the identification of the core problem of the hotel. The identification of the problem is done through the in-depth research of the case study. The problem lies within the organization and the supervisors. The key problem is lying with the department of human resource, which barely takes any interest in the company staffs (Chanda and Shen). After the identification of the key problems comes the solution of the case study. Some explanation and elucidation of the case is laid down to resolve the hotels strategic approach to the HR planning. After this the recommendations on the case study as to how will change in the scenario and policies will help the professional environment of the hotel to grow. Finally the implementation of the solutions and strategic HRM is given as to how the application of the solutions would take place, which is illustrated by a diagram. Problem Identification To manage the human resource in the hospitality industry requires specialized skills because it comes with different challenges. This industry is formed with dissimilar roles and background,ubiquitous focus on different guests and an organogram that is different from the basic models that ids used in corporate.There are multiple problems in Cosmopolitan Hotel which making it difficult for them to outshine and creating more internal problems. Competition from the anticipated 5 five star hotel has taken a toll on the management of Cosmopolitan. It has been seen that in spite of three skilled employees in the human resource department there are many employee and other issues(Chen). Roger, the executive manager is reluctant to outline a strategic HR plan because he feels that the hotel only recruits informal staff. Strategic HR plan is necessary in any organization so as to recognize the current and future manpower needs of an organization to achieve its goals. It is a link between the entire strategic plan and the management. He thinks it is only his responsibility to guarantee the hotels future but an organization to work successfully would require all levels of the organization to work together(Harney and Monks). In this the top management can easily address the junior and feedback can be generated from all the levels to make the hotel more successful. It is also seen that the human resource department is only busy with the recruitment process and training of the new joinees, they hardly focus on the existing staffs. There is no coordination between the employees and they do not work collaborating with each other. The employees along with skill development tr aining should also be given behavioral training (Hatum). The staffing issues are also having an impact on the customers also. The culinary staff is difficult to employ and the new employees are not ready to work for long hours. There have been sexual assaults in the workplace which is an unwelcoming culture in the organization which has adverse impacts on the image of an organization. Another major problem of the hotel is that they recruit people by advertising among their staff and also taking students from the local schools, there is no proper talent management for hiring people. Thiscreates an issue in the workplace and also among the friends and families who are recruited through referrals. The HR department does not properly guide the employees and the staffs towards the individual and organizational goals. Identification Of Key Problems Apart from the above pointed problems, there is a significant problem with the human resource department of the hotel. The HR department of the same is assumed to be lethargic and only focused to their work. They do not concentrate on the employees and the staffs and put more emphasis on hiring and training them. They hardly involve themselves in managing the people. They do not productively use the manpower to achieve the business goals and also doesnt take interest in the individual needs and goals(Kramar). The job of a HR is to decipher the strategy of the business into action along with creating value. They are the voice of the employees who is an agent of change. Employee motivation is another factor that they should focus on because an organization is majorly consisting of people and they are the ones who will work to bring in sales and work to attain organizational goals. As seen in the case that the head chef criticized the second chef which made him walk-off in the middle of his shift, the HR did not intervene and tried to retain the employee(Kkergin and DedeoÄÅ ¸lu). Here the employee relations come where the attitudes and behavior of the employees should be kept under control so that the organizational relationship does not get hampered. HR of an organization is faced with multiple issues in the workplace which are conflicting and unclear in nature that raises the question of morality and behavior standards. According to the a case study it is seen that a female housekeepi ng staff was sexually harassed in the workplace, the immediate job of the HR should have been to sack the employee or take strict steps against the one who is culprit, but nothing as such is mentioned in the case(Lee and Way). The HR department should be aware that there is proper law in the HR policy of the company which protects the interests of the employees. Their duty is to be responsive of the particulars to lessen the hotels exposure to litigation and dispute. It is seen that the hotel recruits from the local schools and colleges for the casual staffs. They do not focus on the skills and knowledge of the person to be hired for a particular job, so there is not perfect talent management and the employees tend to leave the job. They should be motivated to stay in their job and should also be satisfied with their work, only then the performance of the employee as well as the hotel will enhance. The HR department should design a job is way that they can retain its employees(Minbaeva). The HR department should understand the work and then hire the candidates so that they perform well creating a balance between their capability and their work(N. McCool). Solutions To The Problems When a position is vacant or a new job role is created it should be first seen that if it is job oriented or employee oriented. If the purpose of the job is explained than recruiting will be easy and effective, only then skilled or unskilled labor will be detected. The performance standards are enhanced. The duties and responsibilities should be equally distributed among the workers that they do not be under any impression of workload. Strategic HRM should be followed in order to tactfully manage the employees of the hotel. A proper HR plan is required to maintain the work standards in hospitality industry so as to increase the performance level which creates a good impact on the guests. The HR team should uphold regular and open process of communication with the staffs and other employees. To retain the employees they should identify and also reward their performances so that they feel their jobs are well-monitored and they are wanted by the organization(Nieves and Segarra-Ciprs). According to the case study the second chef left due to the misbehavior of the head chef and thus was not the first time that an incident like this has happened. So during the selection of the employees the HR, apart from seeing the qualifications and skills of the candidates should also analyze the behavior and attitude of the person. Attitude of an employee reflect in his job(Robbins). If his behavior is not good, his subordinates will not work under him properly. The past behavior and past records of the previous designation should be checked in order to maintain harmony in the workplace. Reference check of a candidate is very much necessary because a candidate may hide or manipulate his credentials so a third person referral for the candidate will imply if the his or she is hiding facts or not. In the case study we have seen that the housekeeping staff was abused by another staff, so in such case HR should take strict actions. The HR policy of the hotel should mention the code of conduct which every employee has to maintain in the workplace. If the guests or the prospective customers come to know about this the image of the hotel will be ruined thereby ruining the goodwill of Cosmopolitan Hotel. This will make the customers move to the next hotel which will soon open up. The HR should ensure that there is a professional requirement of safety and health and no discriminatory conduct of the employees. If this is not met then the HR should thin k it fit to dismiss the candidate on the grounds of misconduct(Scullion and Collings). It is seen in the case study that many young freshers are leaving the job and are not interested in working in the weekend. For this the HR should analyze their duties and responsibilities that is needed from the job (Shaikh). It is the duty of the HR while training is in process the employees should be explained a bout their job and the level of commitment that is needed from them while in job. Recommendations Some of the recommendations that can be given to the department of HR of Cosmopolitan is the following: 1. The HR department should analyze the external environment of the hotel to forecast the availability of prospective candidates so that they do not move to their competitors. 2. Even if the hotel employs casual staffs it should always chalk out a strategic HR plan to evaluate the manpower needs of the hotel. 3. The HR department should take out time from the recruitment process, to look after its staffs and cooperate with them to understand their problems and needs. 4. Besides paying the casual staff on the contractual basis the HR department should also think about payingthoseincentives and rewards for their outstandingperformance if any, so as to enhance their interest in the job and make them stick to it(Walsh and Taylor). 5. Roger should share his views about the hotel with its employees because an organization is made by the employees and the success of the hotel lies in their hands. The employees can also give feedback which may be fruitful for the hotel(Nieves and Segarra-Cip rs). 6. In spite of having work experience and skills, Andes have behavioral issues which are hampering the business of the hotel as staffs are leaving. So counseling by the HR department should be done to change the behavior at work and also traini9ng should be imparted to him so that he can cordially work his employees. 7. A hotel to stay competitive should have the best culinary department. The HR department should focus on the talent management part of the hotel so that only good talents in the culinary department are hired which will take the hotel ahead of its competitors(Minbaeva). 8. There should motivational meetings and gatherings for all the newly recruited freshers who are not able to relate to the job. It should be understood why they are not willing to stay. The supervisors as well as the HR should keep themselves available for the freshers so that they can come up and share their problems. 9. Staffing problems can be sorted out if the human resource department look in to the manpower needs of the hotel and chalk out the necessary requirements of people in specific departments by cooperating with the department heads. 10. The advertising for new employees should not be given to the existing employees rather it should be given in newspapers or local consultancies. Implementation The assignment discloses the challenges that t6eh hotel is facing in framing and implementing a strategic approach to its hospitality management. This challenge majorly includes the enthusiasm and inclination of the HR department, as the strategic partner of the hotel. There is absence of well-defined HR linked labor scarcity, performance indicators and policies with relates to t5he employees and the staffs. This assignment targets the HR departments, Department Heads, Executive Manager and other heads to increase the professional practice of the hotel relating to the strategic human resource management(Wang and Ritchie). It is known that turnover is expensive and it costs nearly four times the salary of an employee to replace another, which includes the process of recruitment, lost opportunities and lost productivity. It is approximately 48% that an organization experiences the regular issues with the retention of employees and 71.5% issues are faced to replace the staffs(Robbins). There should be a proper retention planning for the employees. To implement a proper HR strategy the following must be kept in mind: Training Mentoring Infuse a positive culture. Practice of communication to build trustworthiness. Demonstrate appreciation through compensation and benefits. Provide professional and growth opportunities. Create a work life balance Encourage feedback The diagram below illustrates the strategy to implement high level of performance in work system in the hotel. Figure 1: Illustration of high performance in hotel References Armstrong, Michael, and Michael Armstrong.Armstrong's Handbook Of Strategic Human Resource Management. London: Kogan Page, 2011. Print. Chanda, Ashok, and JieShen.HRM Strategic Integration And Organizational Performance. Los Angeles: Response Books, 2009. Print. Chen, C.-J. 'Strategic Human Resource Practices And Innovation Performance: The Mediating Role Of Knowledge Management Capacity'. Strategic Direction 25.6 (2009): n. pag. Web. Harney, Brian, and Kathy Monks.Strategic HRM. Dublin: Orpen Press, 2014. Print. Hatum, Andre s. Next Generation Talent Management.Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Kramar, Robin. 'Beyond Strategic Human Resource Management: Is Sustainable Human Resource Management The Next Approach?'.The International Journal of Human Resource Management 25.8 (2013): 1069-1089. Web. Kkergin, Kemal Grkan, and Bekir Bora Dedeolu. 'The Importance Of Employee Hospitability And Perceived Price In The Hotel Industry'. Anatolia 25.2 (2013): 254-267. Web. Lee, Chang, and Kelly Way. 'Individual Employment Characteristics Of Hotel Employees That Play A Role In Employee Satisfaction And Work Retention'. International Journal of Hospitality Management 29.3 (2010): 344-353. Web. Minbaeva, Dana B. 'Strategic HRM In Building Micro-Foundations Of Organizational Knowledge-Based Performance'. Human Resource Management Review 23.4 (2013): 378-390. Web. McCool, Barent. 'The Need To Be Prepared:Disaster Management In The Hospitality Industry'. J Bus Hotel Manage 01.02 (2012): n. pag. Web. Nieves, Julia, and Mercedes Segarra-Ciprs. 'Management Innovation In The Hotel Industry'. Tourism Management 46 (2015): 51-58. Web. Robbins, Steve L. 'Leading Industry Experts Answer Your Strategic HR Queries'. Strategic HR Review 8.2 (2009): n. pag. Web. Scullion, Hugh, and David G Collings.Global Talent Management. New York: Routledge, 2011. Print. Shaikh, M. R. 'The War For Talent: Strategies For Employee Retention In The BPO Industry'. Management and Labour Studies 32.3 (2007): 335-346. Web. Walsh, K., and M. S. Taylor. 'Developing In-House Careers And Retaining Management Talent: What Hospitality Professionals Want From Their Jobs'. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 48.2 (2007): 163-182. Web. Wang, Jie, and Brent W. Ritchie. 'A Theoretical Model For Strategic Crisis Planning: Factors Influencing Crisis Planning In The Hotel Industry'. International Journal of Tourism Policy 3.4 (2010): 297. Web.

The Murderous Miracle Sherlock Homes - Creative Story Essays

The Murderous Miracle: Sherlock Homes - Creative Story The Murderous Miracle A Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Style Mini-Mystery I awakened from my morning slumber and groggily entered the foyer to find Holmes sitting in his chair in a speculative pose while thoughtfully smoking on one of his many pipes. "Good Morning Holmes!, " I said in one of my Cheeriest tones, which wasn't very impressive, due to the fact I am not a morning person "And what wakes you up so early this fine morning?" "Early?" Holmes replied "Why it's nearly noontime, it's you who have been sleeping in! And making an awful racket with that dreadful snoring of yours!" I was struck by a paroxysm of coughing as Holmes' smoke entered my lungs, "Noontime? Nonsense, That pipe must be doing more damage than I thought! It is a tad early for that kind of thing anyway!" said I, a bit less cheerier than before due to Holmes' mindless banter. He only smiled and said "See for yourself,my good man, look through the window onto the common, and tell me what you see..." I did as he told, clearing my eyes, and to my shock I saw the townspeople all about in their daily hustle and bustle which was common to northern London preceding teatime. "Well, it appears you are right! People are at work, conducting their business and the like. I'm awfully sorry, I'm just rather irritable in the morning." "Quite alright my friend, it's understandable, tell me, what else do you see at the window?" Holmes calmly stated. "Well, Nothing out of the ordinary, as I said before, just..wait! There is a crowd of people around a car right next to our doorstep!" I exclaimed. " Is the man a shady character with a dark beard and an umbrella on his shoulder?" Holmes asked. "Why Yes! That describes him perfectly! Who is he and how do you know him?" I asked. "Well,that happens to be Sir Reginald Chaucer of Pottingshire, and also one of the most wealthy men in all of England." said he. "So? What importance is he to us? And why does he happen to be on our doorstep?" I voiced. "He happens to be suspected of the murder of one Friedrich Nietzche because of financial reasons, and is presumably our newest client." Sir Chaucer was a very strange man, very eccentric, those were the first two thoughts to enter my mind, even as he was climbing the stairs to the designated "meeting room". I thought this, not because he was rich, for I do not like to stereotype a man that way, but as he progressed up the stairs occasionally he would pause, mutter something to himself, and go on. Those were not the doings of a sane man. But for every bit that he was strange, I was ten times more intrigued by this man, and in wondering why he was here had piqued my curiosity to the highest mark. But as he came through the door I tried my best to disguise the inquisitive look upon my countenance and took a seat. "Welcome!" my friend called "I assume that you are Sir Reginald Chaucer of Pottingshire?" "Of course I am! Who else would I be? I do hope I haven't come to a drunken sod and not an private detective. At any rate, I don't want to speak here at all, it's too much peasantry for my taste, and I fear I could not stay here long without quickly becoming nauseous." Sir Reginald, who obviously had no need for formal introductions, replied. "Therefore," he continued, cutting off a reply from Holmes "you will come with me to my estate in Pottingshire whether or whether not it pleases you to do so." "But, kind Sir," I interjected "Most of our best work is conceived right here, and you might be interrupting the detective process!" "I did not pay you for your own comfort, but for mine! And if you are the sort of detectives who rely on a certain room for your brain power, I think I'll be looking somewhere else!" Sir Reginald complained. "Don't worry good man," my friend said "It's just that Dr. Watson here is a bit bold for his own good, and I can assure you that such extensive methods need not be taken," And as he saw the look of astonishment on my face he cast a discreet wink my way. "If only," Holmes

Sample Literary Theory Essay - How to Write a Sample Essay

Sample Literary Theory Essay - How to Write a Sample EssayWriting a sample literary theory essay can seem like a daunting task. You would be required to use all the latest ideas and concepts in the area of literary studies. You would also be expected to come up with an argumentative essay on the nature of art, society, literature, science, and technology that you will highlight in your article.Fortunately, with the help of sample essays, the task becomes much easier. Reading these samples can give you a great idea of what to write and where to start with your essay.Many people face this problem of trying to come up with a good essay but cannot find the time to write one. Other times, they are left with a simple essay that has been written by a friend or professor. In any case, a good sample essay will enable you to tackle this problem successfully.It is important that you prepare your sample essay before you begin writing your essay. You should analyze the structure and content of th e sample essay. This will make it easier for you to find a good structure in your own essay.When you decide to write a sample literary theory essay, you can prepare it by consulting a source of information. The best option would be a textbook that explains in detail the main theories of literature and the subtopics of the subject. After reading it, you can read it again and go over it as many times as needed in order to ensure that your essay is accurate.You will find that this type of study provides a very wide range of topics to think about, and many people find it easy to keep their minds open while studying a book. This way, they are able to see how various people have developed their ideas over time, and therefore come up with a better understanding of the world we live in today.Writing a sample essay is not difficult. You just need to be careful about not overdoing it. If you want to succeed in the field of literature studies, you will need to give yourself plenty of time to g et familiar with the topics that you will be tackling in your essay.

The Olmec Royal Compound at La Venta

The Olmec Royal Compound at La Venta The Olmec Royal Compound at La Venta: La Venta was a great Olmec city which thrived in the present-day Mexican State of Tabasco from around 1000 to 400 B.C. The city was built on a ridge, and on top of that ridge are several important buildings and complexes. Taken together, these make up the â€Å"Royal Compound† of La Venta, an extremely important ceremonial site. The Olmec Civilization: The Olmec culture is the earliest of the great Mesoamerican civilizations and is considered by many to be the mother culture of later peoples such as the Maya and the Aztecs. The Olmecs are associated with several archaeological sites, but two of their cities are considered more important than the others: San Lorenzo and La Venta. Both of these city names are modern, as the original names of these cities have been lost. The Olmecs had a complex cosmos and religion.a including a pantheon of several gods. They also had long-distance trade routes and were extremely talented artists and sculptors. With the fall of La Venta around 400 B.C. the Olmec culture collapsed, succeeded by the epi-Olmec. La Venta: La Venta was the greatest city of its day. Although there were other cultures in Mesoamerica at the time La Venta was at its apex, no other city could compare in size, influence or grandeur. A powerful ruling class could command thousands of workers for public works tasks, such as bringing huge blocks of stone many miles to be carved at Olmec workshops in the city. Priests managed the communications between this world and the supernatural planes of the gods and many thousands of common people labored in the farms and rivers to feed the growing empire. At its height, La Venta was home to thousands of people and directly controlled an area of around 200 hectares – its influence reached much further. The Great Pyramid – Complex C: La Venta is dominated by Complex C, also called the Great Pyramid. Complex C is a conical construction, made of clay, which was once a more clearly defined pyramid. It stands about 30 meters (100 feet) high and has a diameter of about 120 meters (400 feet) It is man-made of nearly 100,000 cubic meters (3.5 million cubic feet) of earth, which must have taken thousands of man-hours to accomplish, and it is the highest point of La Venta. Unfortunately, part of the top of the mound was destroyed by nearby oil operations in the 1960’s. The Olmec considered mountains sacred, and since there are no mountains nearby, it is thought by some researchers that Complex C was created to stand-in for a sacred mountain in religious ceremonies. Four stelae located at the base of the mound, with â€Å"mountain faces† on them, seem to bear out this theory (Grove). Complex A: Complex A, located at the base of the Great Pyramid to the north, is one of the most important Olmec sites ever discovered. Complex A was a religious and ceremonial complex and served as a royal necropolis as well. Complex A is home to a series of small mounds and walls, but it is what is underground that is most interesting. Five massive offerings have been found in Complex A: these are large pits which were dug out and then filled with stones, colored clay and mosaics. Many smaller offerings have been found as well, including figurines, celts, masks, jewelry and other Olmec treasures given to the gods. Five tombs have been found in the complex, and although the bodies of the occupants decomposed long ago, important objects have been found there. To the north, Complex A was guarded by three colossal heads, and several sculptures and stelae of note have been found in the complex. Complex B: To the south of the Great Pyramid, Complex B is a large plaza (referred to as Plaza B) and a series of four smaller mounds. This airy, open area was most likely a place for the Olmec people to gather to witness ceremonies that took place on or near the pyramid. Several noteworthy sculptures were found in Complex B, including a colossal head and three Olmec-style sculpted thrones. The Stirling Acropolis: The Stirling Acropolis is a massive earthen platform which dominates the eastern side of Complex B. On top are two small, circular mounds and two long, parallel mounds that some believe may be an early ballcourt. Many fragments of broken statues and monuments as well as a drainage system and basalt columns have been found in the acropolis, leading to speculation that it may have once been the royal palace where the ruler of La Venta and his family resided. It is named for American archaeologist Matthew Stirling (1896-1975) who did a great deal of important work at La Venta. Importance of the La Venta Royal Compound: The Royal Compound of La Venta is the most important section of one of the four most important Olmec sites located and excavated to date. The discoveries made there - in particular at Complex A - have changed the way we see the Ancient Olmec culture. The Olmec civilization, in turn, is very important to the study of Mesoamerican cultures. The Olmec civilization is important in that it developed independently: in the region, there are no major cultures that came before them to influence their religion, culture, etc. Societies like the Olmec, which developed on their own, are referred to as pristine civilizations and there are very few of them. There may yet be even more discoveries to make in the royal compound. Magnetometer readings of Complex C indicate there is something in there, but it has not yet been excavated. Other digs in the area may reveal more sculptures or offerings. The royal compound may yet have secrets to divulge. Sources: Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004. Grove, David C. Cerros Sagradas Olmecas. Trans. Elisa Ramirez. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Miller, Mary and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. New York: Thames Hudson, 1993. Gonzalez Tauck, Rebecca B. El Complejo A: La Venta, Tabasco Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). p. 49-54.

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